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Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. Terahertz vortex beams have become a focus of research in recent years due to their prominent role in many cutting-edge applications. However, traditional terahertz vortex beam plates are often faced with challenges including large size, low efficiency, and limited working bandwidth. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate highly efficient and broadband vortex beam plates based on metasurface in the terahertz region. The experimental results well verify that the designed metasurfaces can efficiently generate terahertz vortex beams with different orbital angular momentum topological charges in the range of 0.5–1 THz. Notably, the maximum efficiency can reach about 65% at 0.5 THz. The proposed devices may play a vital role in developing vortex beams-related terahertz applications.